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Each work cycle includes: thin ore, bristles, ore, filling, pouring concrete partitions and floors, heightening mines and smoothing patios. It can be seen that shortening a recovery cycle time can improve the technical and economic effects of the filling method.
(1) The stratification height of thin ore--At present, the main use of shallow-hole collapse in China is that the layering height is less than 1.5-2.0 meters. If you use a medium-deep hole to collapse. The layering can reach 4-5 meters, or can be used twice to cause multiple shallow hole collapses, and gradually formed.
There are advantages and disadvantages to increasing the height of the stratification.
1) Advantages: 1 Can reduce the amount of auxiliary work (such as clearing, pouring work, hoisting equipment, etc.)
2 Improve labor productivity and mining levels and reduce mining costs.
2) Disadvantages: 1 Difficult work of mane: Because the space in the goaf is as high as 6-7 meters, it is difficult for workers to observe and check the roof. It is also difficult to handle pumice , so the safety is poor.
2 For the medium-deep-hole thin ore with rock, it will inevitably increase the large block, increase the workload of breaking large blocks and affect the efficiency of electric picking. And pollute the air.
3 If the partition wall is manually cast, the labor intensity of the pouring work is large due to the increase in the height of the partition wall, and the difficulty is significantly increased.
High-level stratification can be used where conditions permit.
The necessary conditions for adopting high stratification and the measures to be taken are:
a) The ore and the surrounding rock are very stable;
b) There is a self-propelled lifting platform, which can check the roof and handle the pumice at any time;
c) mechanical equipment for conveying concrete pouring partition walls;
d) Use high-efficiency rock drilling equipment to increase the density of the blasthole and reduce the bulk rate.
(2) Rock drilling and blasting work
There are two kinds of rock drilling methods: 1 use the upward rock drill to punch the hole; 2 use the horizontal hole.
Generally, the upper hole is used, the hole depth is 1.6 to 2.0 meters, and the hole spacing is 0.8 to 1.2 meters.
The front and rear rows of blastholes are staggered, and the filling wells are free-face collapsed, and each stratification is divided into 2-3 blastings.
Put on the hole, you can focus on the eye, and then blast, or blast. After the shooting, the mine is concentrated and is suitable for mining with electric rafts.
When hitting a horizontal hole, it can only be used with mining and mining, and is suitable for mining and mining. The horizontal hole collapses, the roof is relatively flat, and the workload is small, which is beneficial to the roof management and the safety is better.
※For the filling method, the rock in the stope is generally not divided into gradients, which is unfavorable for filling work. But you can blast half of it first, then fill this half, and the other half, you can drill rock, blast the eye, and fill it after mining. That is, the two halves are alternately operated.
3) Ore transport
At present, domestic filling and ore transportation mainly uses electric pick-up and loader two kinds of equipment, each of which has advantages and disadvantages.
The advantages of electric tweezers are: sturdy and durable, simple operation, low maintenance cost, and large capacity for transportation. (A 28KW electric raft, the average production capacity can reach 120-150 tons/set.) The electric raft can be used in the stope. The mine can also be used to flatten the concrete material, and can also be used to flatten the filling material with high efficiency.
The disadvantage is that the ore at the edge is not clean, and it is necessary to manually clean it up. A high-strength concrete floor is required, which would increase the loss of ore loss.
The advantage of the loader is that it is flexible in transportation and can cleanly transport the ore from the mine to the stone.
The disadvantage is that it cannot be filled with flat fillers or used to lay concrete.
(4) Concrete watering work
There are three types of concrete casting work for dry filling - casting the bottom plate. Partition wall and mine flow well. Sometimes artificial false bottoms and smooth patios are also to be poured.
1) Casting the bottom plate
In order to improve the ore recovery rate and improve the working conditions, it is necessary to lay a layer of concrete with a thickness of 8-10 cm on the filling material (after each layer is recovered), and when the concrete is poured, the efficiency is low and the labor intensity is large.
Another method is to put the stirred concrete from the filling well, pour it into the stope, and then use the electric tweezers (the bucket is turned over and placed) to assist a small amount of labor.
A 300-500 m2 mine, and a concrete floor can be laid in one shift.
Strength requirements for concrete floor - General requirements are axial compression before falling, the strength is not less than 20kg/cm 2 , and this strength should be achieved within 2-3 shifts after laying.
2) Cast concrete partition wall. (Some mines are called retaining walls)
1 The role of the partition wall is to separate the column and the filling material to create conditions for the subsequent mining of the column to reduce ore loss and depletion.
2 The thickness of the partition wall - each mine is different, generally between 0.5 and 2.0 meters.
At present, most mines are filled with mines first, and then the walls are built. That is to say, the concrete is pre-made to make the formwork of the partition wall, and then the filling work is carried out. When the layering is still 0.2 m, the filling is stopped, and the concrete floor is moved, and the concrete is placed into the partition wall at the same time. , so that the bottom plate and the partition wall are completed at the same time. This work is more efficient.
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