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As the world's demand for renewable energy development increases, shortages of grid electricity storage systems have become increasingly prominent. Among the mainstream battery systems such as lead acid, nickel hydrogen and lithium ion, lithium-ion battery has the best overall performance, but its lithium reserves are limited, and there are potential safety problems. Although lead-acid batteries have low cost, lead has environmental pollution problems. Therefore, developing a battery system that is cheap, safe, long-life, and can be rapidly charged has become a hot spot in the world.
In recent years, the emergence of aluminum ion batteries to solve the above problems provide a new solution. It uses "aluminum", one of the most abundant metal elements in the crust, as a battery material. Due to the conversion between an aluminum ion and an aluminum atom, there are three electronic gains and losses that make the theoretical specific capacity second only to lithium, with a high degree of Development potential.
Since the 1980s, UMC, Cornell University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory of the United States, Sandia National Laboratory of the United States, the Indian Institute of Technology and other units are gradually put into the development of aluminum ion batteries, the use of graphite, graphite fluoride, Metal oxides, conductive polymers and other materials as the positive electrode, but neither get the ideal discharge voltage (<1.7V) and sufficient charge and discharge cycles (<100 times).
The research group led by Dai Hongjie, a chemist at Stanford University in the United States, used foamed graphite as a positive electrode in 2015. The ionic liquid as the electrolyte successfully developed the first discharge voltage of 2V in the past 30 years and the ability to charge and discharge thousands of times Aluminum ion battery, and put forward a complete battery reaction mechanism, the related research results published in Nature (Nature) magazine.
In a recent study led by academicians, a group of researchers focused on the problems of insufficient capacity of graphite electrodes and high cost of electrolyte, and proposed a new process of low-cost and high-capacity graphite positive electrodes. At the same time, a urea-based low-cost ionic liquid electrolyte was developed. The combination of the two so that the pace of industrialization of aluminum-ion battery a big step forward. Relevant research results have been published in the recently published "Nature Communications" and "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" magazine.
In the article "Nature Communication", an aluminum ion battery using natural graphite flake as the cathode electrode has been reported. The performance of the battery is excellent. The capacitance reaches about 110 mAhg-1 and the coulombic efficiency is about 98%. At 6 C rate, the cell capacitance is 60 mAh / g, and after more than 6,000 charge and discharge cycles, the Coulomb efficiency is about 99%. In addition, the behavior mechanism of chloroaluminate ions intercalated into graphite layer was studied by theoretical calculation.
The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reports on aluminum ion batteries using aluminum chloride and urea ionic liquid electrolytes, which show excellent Coulombic efficiency of up to 99.7%. At 1.4C rate, the battery capacity of 73 mAh / g, stable charge and discharge more than 200 times. Aluminum chloride and urea electrolyte low cost, with natural graphite material as the cathode, aluminum foil as the anode, the material composed of aluminum ion batteries low cost, and has excellent electrochemical properties, so that aluminum ion batteries become the ideal grid storage Electrical system.
Recently, aluminum ion batteries for electrochemical storage batteries in the field of new research hot spots, Europe, the United States, Japan, South Korea, Australia and other developed countries all have research teams engaged in related research work. In China, research teams including Professor Lin Mengchang from Shandong University of Science and Technology, Professor Jiao Shuqiang from Beijing University of Science and Technology, Professor Gao Chao from Zhejiang University and Professor Ouyang Chuying from Jiangxi Normal University also published several research papers on graphite as a cathode material after 2015. These jobs are heavily planted aluminum ion batteries is the development of science and engineering advantages.
At present, AB Systems INC, a new start-up company in Silicon Valley, specializes in the industrialization of aluminum ion batteries and has obtained exclusive authorization from Stanford University for the patent of aluminum ion batteries (Patent Application Date: 1st US provisional filed on Feb 28, 2014; 2nd US provisional filed on Nov 6, 2014; PCT application filed on Feb 27, 2015). The company has successfully gathered resources from domestic and foreign research and development institutes and is fully committed to bringing the market of aluminum ion batteries to market.
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