Looking back on the past: the seven achievements of China's agricultural science and technology

I. Reform and construction of grassroots agricultural technology extension system

During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China vigorously implemented the "Agricultural Technology Promotion Law", increased the implementation of the "one link, two coverage" policy, and achieved new results in the reform and construction of grassroots agricultural technology extension system, and promoted 770 grassroots agricultural technology promotion. The demonstration county construction will basically achieve full coverage.

The institutional team is further improved. At present, there are 79,000 agricultural technology promotion institutions in the country, including 76,000 county and townships; there are 580,000 agricultural technicians, 87% of agricultural technicians have secondary education or above; and the “special post plan” for agricultural technology promotion is steadily advanced. In 2014, the country recruited 11,000 special agricultural technicians.

Looking back on the past: the seven achievements of China's agricultural science and technology

The institutional mechanism has been further improved. Two-thirds of the township-level agricultural technology promotion institutions are mainly managed by the county, which realizes the unification of management and management; the working mechanism of “experts of agricultural technicians and technicians” and the service mode of “Baocun joint households” in the country Generally implemented.

The investment guarantee is further enhanced. 94% of the country's agricultural technology promotion institutions have been fully funded by public institutions; the central government has invested 2.6 billion yuan in agricultural technology promotion subsidies each year, and local governments have also invested about 10 billion yuan to support agricultural technology promotion work in recent years. The central government has invested 5.8 billion yuan in construction funds. Support township agricultural technology extension institutions to strengthen conditions.

Service levels have further improved. The national grassroots agricultural technology promotion system promoted 278,000 new varieties and 181,000 new technologies, carried out 580,000 technical trainings and trained 350 million people.

Second, the construction of key laboratories of the Ministry of Agriculture has achieved remarkable results.

Since the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", the key laboratories of the Ministry of Agriculture have become the first batch of construction priorities of the "National Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Capability Construction Plan (2012~2016)". In the past three years, the central government has invested 1.38 billion yuan, and 28 have been launched. The conditional capacity building of the subject group has achieved remarkable results.

Innovated a number of basic frontier achievements. For example, Huang Sanwen research team led the international cucumber genome research, deep resequencing of 115 cucumber lines, and constructed a genome-wide genetic variation map containing more than 3.6 million sites. Science published in the form of a cover long paper. The research results of cucumber bitterness biosynthesis and regulation reveal the path of cucumber bitter genes. The veterinary drug and veterinary biotechnology subject group, Chen Hualan team systematically studied the evolution of avian influenza virus, cross-species infection and molecular mechanism of pathogenicity, contributed to the scientific understanding of avian influenza virus, and provided for the prevention and control of avian influenza. The scientific basis.

It has overcome a number of key technologies common to the industry. For example, the subject group of crop pests comprehensive management, Chen Wanquan team carried out research on the prominent problems of long-distance propagation, devastating and difficult prevention and control of wheat stripe embroidery, and constructed a comprehensive control technology system for bacterial source base to achieve disease. Long-term control of disaster-free and disease-free, recovering more than 2 billion kilograms of wheat lost each year.

Concentrated and cultivated a group of outstanding scientific and technological talents. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, 15 people were selected as academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, 14 innovation teams were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and 26 were supported by the National Science Fund for Outstanding Youth. 124 people were selected as national outstanding agricultural research personnel.

Third, carry out agricultural science and technology support actions

During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, the Ministry of Agriculture carried out scientific and technological support actions around major food crops to enhance food supply security. In 2012, the Ministry of Agriculture launched the implementation of super rice “double increase of 100”, and plans to promote 120 million mu of super rice in the country, achieving the goal of increasing yield by 100 kilograms and saving 100 yuan by cost, increasing production, increasing efficiency and increasing income. Coordination and unity. In the same year, the implementation of the “Double Increase and Two Hundreds” scientific and technological action on corn was carried out, with the four provinces and regions such as Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia as the key areas, aiming at the coordinated increase of corn yield and cost-effective synergy, strengthening fine varieties, cultivation techniques and The three major supportes of construction machinery have won the goal of increasing the average yield of 100 million mu of corn and increasing the yield by more than 200 kg in the area of ​​nearly 20 million mu of corn planted in the northeast region.

As of 2015, the super rice demonstration and promotion area was 132 million mu, with an average yield of 583.5 kg per mu, achieving the goal of increasing 100 kg per mu and increasing income by 100 yuan. Nearly 100 million mu of corn in the northeast has achieved the goal of increasing production and increasing efficiency, and achieving high yields of more than 1200 kg per mu in individual areas.

Fourth, the establishment of the National Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Alliance

On December 22, 2014, the National Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Alliance was established in Beijing. The National Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Alliance is a national science and technology innovation collaboration platform jointly participated by the provincial and prefecture-level three-level agricultural (grazing) industry and the agricultural and sorghum academy. It is the main force of agricultural science and technology innovation in China.

The purpose of the Innovation Alliance is to gather the resources and strength of the national agricultural scientific research through the means of major scientific and technological tasks, the accumulation of advantageous scientific research resources, and the guarantee of scientific operation mechanism, to build a unified agricultural science and technology collaborative innovation mechanism, and to promote original innovation, collaborative innovation, and management innovation. And the results of transformation and innovation, to achieve the strategic goals of innovation to drive the development of modern agriculture.

Key tasks of the Innovation Alliance: Strengthen basic long-term scientific and technological work, consolidate the foundation of agricultural discipline development; strengthen key technologies for agricultural core research, break through the technical bottleneck restricting development; strengthen frontiers and basic research of agricultural disciplines, seize strategic high ground; strengthen major ecological zones Scientific and technological engineering research and development to promote regional agricultural transformation and upgrading and sustainable development.