Compilation of common terminology and scientific terminology for mine design

First, the engineering design of the roadway

Mine construction - the general term for three types of projects: well construction, mine floor construction and mechanical and electrical equipment installation.

Well Lane Engineering—The construction of various types of passageways and diversions in the ground for mining.

Mine ground construction project—the construction of various buildings and structures on the mine floor.

Mine Construction Engineering—The construction of various buildings and structures within the mine industrial site.

Installation Engineering—Installation of various mechanical and electrical equipment and facilities in the mine.

Vertical shaft - also known as "shaft." Serving underground mining, vertical passages through the ground that are cut through the ground.

Inclined well—Serves underground mining, a sloping passage that passes through the ground and is cut through the ground.

Pingshuo - a horizontal passage that serves underground mining and is cut through the ground.

Main flat - mainly used to transport minerals.

Tunnel—The horizontal channel that has ground access at both ends of the ground.

Wellbore—Generally referred to as vertical and inclined wells, as well as dark wells. It usually consists of a well neck, a wellbore and a wellbore.

Wellhead - the wellbore and the ground entrance of the tunnel.

Well neck—a section of the wellbore that is thickened and strengthened below the wellhead.

Wellbore - A section of the wellbore below the wellbore level to the bottom of the wellsite level or to the lower end of the handling device.

Wellbore—a section of the wellbore below the wellbore.

Main well—The wellbore used primarily to carry mineral products.

Auxiliary wells—mainly used to transport personnel, meteorites, equipment, equipment, and wells that enter the wind.

箕 井 well - the wellbore equipped with a bucket.

Tank cages - vertical shafts equipped with cages.

Mixing wells - vertical shafts equipped with buckets and cages.

Wind wells - wells used primarily for ventilation.

矸石井—The wellbore used primarily to transport meteorites.

Matoumen—the transition section where the roadway at the bottom of the well is connected with the vertical shaft and the section is gradually enlarged.

Downhole yard - a general term for the roadway and diverticulum near the mining level, near the wellbore; it is the hub connecting the wellbore lifting and the alley transportation.

The circular bottom hole yard - the mine train is used as the bottom hole yard for circular operation.

Foldback downhole yard - a mine train that returns to the bottom of the well at two or more tracks in the same lane.

Dwelling room - A space structure with a large section or a short length that is excavated and built downhole for a specific purpose.

Bottom coal bunker - A vertical or inclined chamber for storing coal in a downhole yard. The means for storing ore or vermiculite are referred to as "hole bottom silos" or "hole bottom quarry", respectively.

The dumper diverticulum - the bottom hole (or mining area) yard is equipped with a chamber that automatically loads the coal, ore or vermiculite in the mine car into the loading equipment of the lifting bucket.

The main drainage pump chamber - also known as the "central pump house." It is usually installed in the bottom of the well, serving the whole mine and the chamber with the main drainage equipment.

Water tank - a group of roadways used to store water in the well.

Suction well—A small well located on the side of the main drainage pump chamber, connected to the water tank, and the water supply pump absorbs water.

Water distribution lane—the roadway connecting the water absorption wells.

Downhole charging chamber - a chamber for charging the battery of a motor vehicle.

Downhole main substation chamber - usually located in the bottom of the well, serving the entire mine, equipped with changing and distribution equipment.

Underground [locomotive] repair room - maintenance of the electric car's diverticulum.

Downhole dispatching room—a diverticulum located in the bottom of the well, for duty and dispatchers.

[Underground] waiting room - a diverticulum located near the auxiliary shaft in the bottom of the well, for personnel to raise the well and temporarily rest.

Explosive materials library - once called "gunpowder library." A building or structure designed and constructed to store explosive materials such as explosives and detonators, as approved by the competent authority. Including "ground explosive material library" and "underground explosive material library".

Lumbar pump room—When drilling a well, the diverticulum used as an intermediate water transfer station is cut on the side of the well.

Roadway—Serves underground mining, horizontal or inclined passages that are not drilled directly into the rock or rock formation.

Horizontal roadway - referred to as "inclined alley". A roadway with a clear slope.

Rock roadway - referred to as "rock lane". In the excavation section, the rock area accounts for all or most of the roadway (generally greater than 4/5).

Coal Lane—In the tunneling section, the coal seam area accounts for all or most of the roadway (generally greater than 4/5).

Coal-rock alleys - also known as "semi-coal rock lanes." In the excavation section, the area occupied by rock or coal is between the roadway between the rock lane and the coal lane.

Sidewalk—The roadway for the pedestrians in the mine; or the passageway for the pedestrians on the side of the inclined shaft and the roadway.

Intersection - the intersection or branching of the roadway.

Wellbore Safety Road—Pedestrian access from the wellbore to the ground through the well.

Pipeline - A channel dedicated to the installation of drain lines. Usually refers to a section of the passage from the main drain pump chamber to the auxiliary shaft.

Warm air duct—a passageway from the wellhead air heating chamber to the well for the warm air supply in the cold area.

Overhaul Road—The part of the access road that has the rails for the service equipment in the inclined wellbore or roadway where the belt conveyor is installed.

Single project - can be a single project, and can be built independently to form a production capacity or scale of construction projects.

Unit Engineering - A relatively independent construction project in a single project.

Mine construction preparation period—The construction of the mine from the completion of the land acquisition, the construction personnel entering the site to the end of the day when a wellbore is officially started.

The transition period of the mine middle lane—from the end of the wellbore construction, to the construction of the downhole yard, to the completion of the renovation, drainage, ventilation, transportation, power supply and other facilities.

The well construction period - also known as the "construction period". The construction of the mine is from the date the wellbore is officially started to the full time of delivery. This includes the completion of the design, the completion of the underground, ground and related supporting projects, and the time of trial operation and trial production.

The total construction period of the mine construction—the sum of the mine construction preparation period and the well construction period.

The key line of mine construction - also known as the "main contradiction line." The line that determines the minimum total construction period of the mine construction and can only be constructed in order. The units of the project on the line are collectively referred to as “key projects”.

Second, the roadway excavation

Roadway excavation—worker excavation and temporary support operations.

Well and road construction—work operations such as tunneling, permanent support and supporting construction.

One well-drilling, permanent support and wellbore equipment are operated in parallel and three times, and the wellbore construction method is completed once.

Once a lane-excavation, permanent support and ditch excavation work, in a certain distance, mutual cooperation, front and rear connection, maximum simultaneous construction, one-time completion of the roadway construction method.

The general term for sinking wells - wellbore excavation and permanent support.

Working face of the roadway - the working place of the roadway excavation and support.

Ordinary Drilling Method—A method of drilling a hole in a stable or less water-bearing formation using drillhole blasting or other conventional means.

Drilling blasting method - referred to as "drilling and blasting method". The method of mining is carried out by the process of eye drilling, charging and blasting.

Leading wells—water collecting wells ahead of the wellbore tunneling face.

Sheet pile method—In the unstable formation, the method of constructing the roadway in which the sheet pile is intensively drilled around the well lane and then excavated and supported.

Wedge-bumping method—When boring or repairing a roadway in an unstable formation or a broken belt, first insert the cutting-edge wood, steel or rail from the outer beam of the roadway working face support and the outside of the shed leg, and then cover it. The method of construction.

The cover tube method - also known as the "shield method". Unstable formation into the top first metal cylinder, the method for roadway construction in its cover.

Full-section excavation method—a method of simultaneous excavation of the entire tunneling section of a well.

Guided excavation method - When constructing a roadway or a diverticulum, first advance the tunnel with a small section and then expand to the design section.

Step working face excavation method—the method of stepping propulsion in the roadway or digging room. There are points for "positive step working face excavation method" and "down step working face excavation method".

Wide working face excavation method—In the coal-rock roadway excavation, the excavation method of the coal seam width is larger than the tunnel design width and the wide part is filled with vermiculite.

Excavation - Digging in a single working face in a long roadway.

Single Face Excavation—A boring team is engaged in all operations at one work surface in one lane.

Multi-faceted tunneling - also known as "multiple heading". At the same time, a boring team was engaged in different operations in several adjacent working faces.

Through the [drilling]-drilling, the operation of connecting one or two working faces to the predetermined well or the diverticulum in a predetermined direction is adopted.

Short-circuit through--after the construction of the main and auxiliary wells to the level of the bottom of the well, in order to create conditions for the modification of lifting, ventilation, drainage and other facilities as soon as possible, the operation of connecting the shortest roadway between the main and auxiliary wells.

Net section—a cross section that is effectively used in the shaft.

Digging section - once called "hair section". Cross section of the excavation that meets the design requirements during tunneling.

Special well-drilling method—In a stable or water-rich stratum, a special well-drilling method using non-drilling and blasting methods.

Freezing method - a special construction method that uses refrigeration technology to temporarily freeze the unstable formation around the wellbore and isolate the groundwater before sinking.

The long and short tube freezes - commonly known as "long and short legs freeze"; once called "difference freeze." According to the different conditions of the formation in different depths of the wellbore and the different requirements on the strength and thickness of the frozen wall, the method of freezing by the arrangement of long and short freezers is adopted.

Partial Freezing—A method of freezing only one aquifer or unstable section of a well.

Segmental freezing - also known as "scheduled freezing." The method of dividing the depth to be frozen in a wellbore into several segments and freezing from top to bottom.

Freezer - A metal tube with a bottom cone consisting of a freezing tube, a liquid supply tube, a liquid return tube, etc., is used for heat exchange between the refrigerant and the formation.

Freeze hole - Install the borehole of the freezer.

Frozen wall - once called "frozen wall." A closed freezing ring of a certain thickness, depth and strength formed in the formation surrounding the wellbore by refrigeration technology.

Freeze period—The time during which the refrigerant is continuously delivered to the freezer to form and maintain the frozen wall. Including the frozen wall formation period and the frozen wall maintenance period.

The formation period of the frozen wall - once called "active freezing period". The time from the start of freezing to the design requirements of the frozen wall.

The frozen wall maintenance period - once called "negative freezing period." After the formation of the frozen wall, in order to maintain its design requirements, the time to continue to deliver the refrigerant to the freezer.

Frozen wall intersections—The frozen cylinders of adjacent freezing holes are gradually enlarged and connected to each other to form a closed frozen wall.

Freezing pressure - also known as "freezing force." The pressure acting on the well or the wall of the well due to media freezing and volume expansion.

Dosing ring - a ring-shaped main pipe for conveying refrigerant to the liquid supply pipe of each freezer.

Grouting—A technique in which cement slurries or other slurries are injected into a formation with water-bearing fractures, voids, or instability by drilling to block or reinforce the formation.

Grouting hole—a hole that injects slurry into the formation.

Grouting and sinking method—the construction method of drilling the well after grouting.

Ground pre-grouting - grouting at the tunnel face in accordance with design requirements.

[Wall] Post-grouting—After the roadway support, the grouting is carried out to the back of the wall according to the design requirements.

Single-liquid grouting—grouting with a slurry and a set of slurry systems.

Two-liquid grouting - grouting using two slurries and two sets of slurry systems, mixing after mixing with a mixer.

Multi-liquid grouting - when using multiple slurries, it is called "multi-fluid grouting".

Upstream grouting—When ground pre-grouting is used in multiple aquifers or thick aquifers, drilling is performed once to full depth, and grouting is performed sequentially from bottom to top or in sections.

Down-flow grouting—When ground pre-grouting is used in multiple aquifers or thick aquifers, grouting is performed by drilling and grouting alternately from top to bottom stratification or segmentation.

Hybrid grouting—When ground pre-grouting is used in multiple aquifers, if there is a large difference in permeability coefficient, the rock stratum with large permeability coefficient is grouted from top to bottom, and then the rock stratum with smaller permeability coefficient is from bottom to top. Grouting.

Mixer - A device that mixes two slurries during two-fluid grouting.

Stopper Plug—When using pre-grouting on the ground, it is retained above or in front of the aquifer to withstand the maximum grouting pressure (pressure) and prevent the rock pillar from leaking and running to the heading face.

Stop pad—The concrete structure that is constructed above the aquifer before the pre-grouting of the wellbore working surface can withstand the maximum grouting pressure (pressure) and prevent slurry leakage and running to the working face.

Grouting wall—A concrete structure that needs to be grouted in the roadway, pre-built to withstand the maximum grouting pressure (pressure) and prevent slurry leakage and running into the roadway.

Grouting pressure—The pressure (pressure) required to overcome the negative flow of the slurry and to spread the slurry over a certain range during grouting.

Grouting final pressure [force] - the pressure (pressure) of the grouting orifice at the end of grouting.

Grouting section height—The height of grouting in each section when the entire aquifer is divided into sections in a thick aquifer.

Drilling [drilling] method—a method of drilling a vertical shaft with a drilling machine.

Drilling machine feed force - commonly known as "drilling pressure." The drill bit cutter gives the vertical force to the bottom of the well.

Mud retaining wall—When drilling method is adopted, the static pressure (pressure) of the mud in the well is used to balance the ground pressure and water pressure, and the mud is infiltrated into the surrounding rock to form a mud skin to maintain the well.

Well Washing—When drilling is used, continuous flow media is used to remove the broken geotechnical debris from the bottom of the well.

Mud Purification—In order to reuse the well-washing mud after returning to the ground, the work of removing the debris from the soil.

Well wall tube - A reinforced concrete or concrete cylinder prefabricated as a well wall on the ground.

Floating and sinking—When the drilling method is used, after the drilling is completed, the bottom of the prefabricated bottom hole and the well wall tube are connected in the mud-filled wellbore to overcome the buoyancy of the mud and slowly sink it (correspondingly Long well wall tube), sinking into the bottom of the well.

After the cementing-wellbore cylinder is sunk to the bottom of the well and is being leveled, the cemented slurry with a relative density greater than that of the mud is injected into the annular space between the outside of the wellbore cylinder and the wellbore, and the mud is replaced from bottom to top. Come out and fix the work of the wall tube.

Sinking - A structure consisting of a blade foot and a wall tube.

[Sinking] Blade - When using the sinking well method, in order to reduce the positive thrust of the sinking, the blade structure at the lower end of the sinking hole is installed.

Sinking [drilling] method—In the unstable topsoil layer, using the self-weight or pressure of the caisson, adopt various anti-resistance measures, and sluice and sluice, and correspondingly sink the well method.

Vibration sinking well [method] - Under the action of the vibration force, the well sinking method is adopted to reduce the subsidence of the sinking well to reduce the sinking resistance.

Flooding and sinking well [Fa] - a well sinking method in which the water in the caisson is filled with water to balance the water and earth pressure (pressure) inside and outside the caisson to prevent mud accidents.

After the wall, the thixotropic mud sinking method - referred to as "thixotropic mud sinking well". A sinking method that only permeates the thixotropic mud around the sinkhole to reduce the lateral resistance of the sinking.

Compressed gas sinking method - also known as "pressure gas caisson method." The bottomless chamber is constructed in the lower part of the caisson and is filled with compressed air to prevent the sinking method of sand and mud when sinking.

Multi-stage caisson [method] - In order to reduce the area of ​​lateral resistance, the caisson is divided into several sections, the diameter is reduced step by step, and the sinking method is successively sinking.

Wells—also known as “wells”. When the sinking method is used, a section of the structure which is slightly larger in diameter than the caisson and has a certain depth is prepared in advance at the periphery of the wellhead.

Compressed air drainage - When using the sinking well method, the air suction machine is used to discharge the rock of the working face of the caisson to the ground.

Curtain Drilling Method—In an unstable topsoil layer, a slot is drilled around the wellbore, and concrete is poured into a closed circular protective wall. Under its protection, a well sinking method is performed.

Slots—When the curtain drilling method is used, adjacent drilled holes are drilled through each other to form an annular groove having a certain depth.

Shovel derrick—a large three-dimensional structure of the wellhead dedicated to sinking wells.

Skywheel platform - a frame structure platform for the installation of various skywheels at the upper end of the derrick.

Unloading the platform - once called "turning the platform." When the shaft is drilled, it is specially designed for the bucket to be unloaded and the structure is placed above the wellhead.

Sealing plate - also known as "locking disk". In order to ensure the safety of the sinking operation and perform the wellbore measurement, the disc-shaped structure fixed to the well wall at a certain distance below the sealing disc is provided.

Hanging tray - also known as "work plate." It can serve the vertical wellbore excavation, permanent support, installation, etc., and can suspend the double-layer or multi-layer disc structure in the wellbore.

The steady rope disc is suspended above the vertical working face of the vertical shaft, and is mainly used as a disc-shaped structure for fixing and tightening the stable rope.

Carriage—A metal ladder that is suspended above the working face of the wellbore for vertical lifting of the well.

Bucket - When the shaft is being constructed, it is used to transport the meteorites, lifting personnel and equipment barrel-shaped lifting containers.

Steady rope—When the vertical shaft is constructed, the steel wire rope suspended in the wellbore is specially used as the lifting guide of the bucket.

Wellhead shed—a temporary wellhead building constructed in conjunction with a derrick derrick.

Steady carport—A temporary building built specifically for a sinking winch near the wellhead during a wellbore.

Freezing station—A place where refrigeration facilities are centrally installed when using the freezing sinking method.

Waste Rock Mountain - a concentrated deposit and disposal of deposits formed by meteorites.

Loading rock - the operation of loading meteorites into lifting containers and transport equipment.

Climbing - A pair of trough-shaped rails that can be moved forward in order to facilitate the loading of the rear dump bucket loader following the tunneling face.

Temporary short track—A group of short rails temporarily used to pick up a long track when the roadway is not enough to lay a standard rail.

Floating channel 岔—for the roadway when digging for roads, the ballast that can be moved on the original track.

Shifter - a mobile facility for horizontal shunting.

The shunting wheel—the double-track roadway digging face, followed by the disc-shaped shunting facility set up after the loader or the transfer machine.

[Deviated well] Suspension bridge—A bridge-type passing facility that can be flexibly adapted to multi-level lifting for the connection of inclined wellbore and flat roadway.

Wellbore equipment - tank rails, tanks, well beams, ladders and various pipes and lines installed in vertical shafts.

Tank Road—The guide that lifts the container up and down in the vertical shaft. Including "wooden cans", "railway cans", "hollow steel cans", "wire rope cans" and so on.

Hanger - once called "cans". When the vertical wellbore has been installed with the canal beam, it is specially used as a frame structure for tank installation and personnel lifting.

Tank [Tao] Beam—A beam that is fixed at a fixed distance along the longitudinal direction of the shaft.

Beams in the well beam-vertical wellbore are not installed in the wellbore.

Reference beam—The first layer of the vertical shaft or a specially calibrated beam at a certain distance as the reference for installing the lower layer of the canal beam.

Between the pipes - the space in the wellbore where the pipes are specially laid.

Ladder - There is a ladder in the wellbore that serves as a safe passage for the enclosed compartment.

Between the deep and the deep wells - the grid reserved for the deepening of the later wellbore.

Deep wellbore—a project that deepens the original production wellbore to new production levels.

Downward wellbore extension method - commonly known as "top-down wellbore extension method". A method of producing a wellbore from the original production level.

The method of extending the well to the wellbore is commonly known as the “bottom-up wellbore extension method”. The method of cutting the original production wellbore from the new production level.

Reverse sinking wells - commonly known as "counting the opposite well." Drill the wellbore from the bottom up.

Hanging cans - also known as "cage". When the well is drilled in the reverse direction, the winch is suspended in the vertical shaft by the winch at the upper level, and the cage structure for the excavation work is used.

Climbing tank—Cage structure with a drive unit and a safety umbrella that can be used for excavation work and can be crawled up and down along a guide rail mounted on one side of the shaft wellbore.

Protecting the rock pillar—a section of rock pillar that is retained at the top of the deep section of the wellbore to protect the wellbore from deepening.

Roof protector - To prevent the deepening of the wellbore from protecting the rock pillar from falling and falling, close to the load-bearing structure placed under it.

Artificial protection disk—A temporary structure that blocks the attachments in the wellbore of the original production wellbore to ensure the safety of the wellbore deepening.

Third, the roadway support

Bracket—A rod structure or monolithic structure used to maintain stability of the surrounding rock and to ensure safe work.

Wooden bracket - a rod-shaped bracket made of wood.

Metal bracket - a rod-type bracket made of a metal material.

Masonry brackets - brackets constructed of brick or stone.

Concrete support—a bracket made of prefabricated reinforced concrete members or cast reinforced concrete.

Hybrid Bracket - A bracket made of two or more materials.

Retractable brackets - also known as "flexible brackets." A stent that can be properly shrunk under ground pressure without losing supportability using a shrinkable material or (and) structure.

Rigid Bracket—A bracket that does not use a shrinkable material or structure that deforms or displaces under ground pressure.

Full bracket - a bracket that is enclosed around.

Incomplete bracket - a bracket that is not completely enclosed around.

Trapezoidal bracket - a trapezoidal full or incomplete bracket.

Rectangular bracket - a full or incomplete bracket in a rectangular shape.

Arched Bracket - A full or incomplete bracket with an arched top structure.

Horseshoe bracket - a horseshoe-shaped full or incomplete bracket.

Round bracket - a complete bracket that is round in shape.

Elliptical bracket - a complete stent with an overall elliptical shape.

The top beam bracket—the valley is called the “legless shed”. The roadway or diverticulum is stable without support, and only the top beam supports the support of the top plate.

Top beam - commonly known as "shed beam". The primary load bearing member at the top in the rod-type bracket composition.

Columns - commonly known as "shed legs." In a rod or hydraulic bracket, a member or component (such as a hydraulic cylinder) that supports the top beam on the floor, bottom beam, or base.

Backboard—A member that is placed on the periphery of the bracket (well) to uniformly transmit ground pressure to the bracket and prevent debris from falling.

Struts—members that increase the stability and integrity between the rod-type brackets.

Arches - referred to as "arch" and "碹". An integral curved bracket constructed of building materials such as brick, stone, concrete or reinforced concrete.

Three-heart arch—the arch of the top consisting of three arcs.

Semicircular arch - a horseshoe-shaped arch at the top.

The arch is also known as the "circle". The whole is a circular arch.

The bottom arch—also known as the “anti-arch”; was once called the “inverted arch”. An arched downward arch that is placed on the floor of the roadway to connect the walls or rock masses on both sides.

碹岔—The arch of the roadway intersection.

Wearing a pointed scorpion - once called "like a nose sputum." The arch is unchanging.

Bovine nose - the height of the arch height increases with the increase of the span.

Masonry - once called "hairpin." Construction of arches.

Abortion - the skeleton used to support the formwork when laying rafts.

Well ring—In the case of vertical shaft excavation, an assembled ring-shaped metal skeleton used to support the backing plate to maintain the stability of the surrounding rock.

In the well frame-rectangular vertical shaft, a rod-shaped wooden frame bracket for maintaining the stability of the surrounding rock.

Basic well frame—The base frame that supports or suspends the well frame.

Shaft wall—A monolithic structure with a certain thickness and strength constructed on the surface of the surrounding rock of the wellbore.

Composite shaft wall—a well wall constructed with layered construction or constructed with two or more building materials.

Cupid tube - a cylindrical bracket made of steel, iron or reinforced concrete with curved plates with flanges and ribs.

Wall seat—a concrete or Steel Plate concrete foundation constructed by drilling a well in the surrounding rock of the wellbore to support the upwardly-built section of the wellbore and the temporary support of the suspended tunneling section.

Beam Wool—A cave that is cut or reserved in the wall or wall of the wall for the installation of various beams.

Support - anchors, brackets and their installation or construction operations.

Roadway support - refers to the support of the wellbore, roadway and diverticulum.

Temporary support - support for the temporary maintenance of stability of the surrounding rock and the safety of the working face before permanent support.

Permanent Support - Support for maintaining the stability of surrounding rock during the service life of the shaft.

Advance support - in the soft or broken zone, in order to prevent the rock from falling, ahead of the support of the tunneling face.

Combined support—Use two or more brackets to maintain a stable support for surrounding rock.

Anchor rod—an anchoring rock mass and a rod-like structure that maintains stable surrounding rock.

Bolt support - support with bolts alone.

Shotcrete support - the use of compressed air to spray cement mortar onto the surface of the rock mass.

Anchor net support - anchor and metal mesh support.

Anchor spray net support - Pirates use anchor nets and spray concrete or shotcrete support.

The new Austrian law - the full name "the Austrian tunnel new construction law." Austrian 6789-+%/c%: A construction method based on years of tunnel construction experience in the country. It is characterized by smooth blasting; one support with anchor spray, and steel arch bracket if necessary; according to the measured data of surrounding rock pressure and deformation, the second support is rationally carried out; the soft rock emphasizes the back cover.

Dry spray [Method]—A spray method that uses compressed air to transport dry mix of cement mortar or concrete to the jet nozzle and then mixes with water.

Tidal spray [Method] - An injection method that uses compressed air to transport aggregate and cement mixture with a certain humidity to the jet nozzle and then mix with water.

Wet spray [method] - a method of spraying a jet of concrete or cement mortar by means of a jet.

Fourth, blasting

Explosive materials - also known as "explosives"; formerly known as "blasting materials." A general term for explosives and detonating materials.

Explosives - substances that, under the action of a certain amount of energy, can generate rapid chemical reactions and generate large amounts of heat and gaseous products without external oxygen supply. Explosives of a single compound are called "single explosives" and explosives consisting of two or more substances are called "mixed explosives".

Rock Explosives - Mixed explosives used in underground mines for blasting rocks on the ground and in the absence of gas and/or coal dust explosion hazards.

Open-air explosives—explosives that are only suitable for blasting operations on the ground or in open pit mines.

The coal mine allowed explosives - once called "coal explosives" and "safe explosives." Explosives approved by the competent authority to comply with national safety regulations and allow for use in coal mine face or work site where there is a risk of gas and/or coal dust explosion.

Ammonium nitrate explosives - formerly known as "nitrogen explosives" and "ammonium nitrate explosives". Mixed explosives detonated by detonators, mainly ammonium nitrate, with a flammable agent or a sensitizer (except nitroglycerin).

A nitroglycerin explosive, a mixed explosive in which nitroglycerin is absorbed by a combustible agent and/or an oxidizing agent.

Colloidal explosives - once known as "colloidal substitutes." A colloidal nitroglycerin explosive containing nitrate and gelled nitroglycerin or a gelled explosive oil (a mixture of nitroglycerin and nitroethylene glycol) as a main component.

Ammonium ladder explosives - formerly known as "ammonium nitrate explosives" and "ammonium nitrate explosives". Ammonium carbonate explosives using TNT as a sensitizer.

Ammonium explosives - also known as "ammonium oil blasting agents". Ammonium carbonate explosive composed of ammonium carbonate, fuel oil [and wood flour, etc.].

Aqueous explosives - mixed explosives with an aqueous solution of oxidizing agent and a flammable agent as a basic component, generally having a water content of <=-?=>.

Slurry explosive - a gelatinous aqueous explosive prepared by dispersing and crosslinking a flammable agent and/or a sensitizer in an aqueous solution of an ammonium carbonate-based oxidizing agent.

Emulsion Explosive—A water-in-oil type paste-like aqueous explosive formed by uniformly dispersing a fine solution of a silicate-based oxidizing agent in a continuous medium of an oil phase containing bubbles or a porous substance by the action of an emulsifier.

The explosives in the cylinder - the coal mine permitted explosives as the core of the drug, outsourced by the cylinder made of the flame-damping agent, the coal mine permitted explosives with higher safety than the core drug.

Ion exchange [type] explosives - coal mine allowable explosives containing ion exchange salt pairs (sodium nitrate or potassium carbonate and ammonium chloride) and nitroglycerin.

Explosives - Explosives that can be rapidly detonated by detonation under the action of small external energy.

Explosives - once called "advanced explosives" and "strong explosives." Explosives can be detonated by the action of large external energy, using the energy released by the detonation to work on the surrounding medium.

Black powder medicine - once called "black medicine." A mixture of potassium carbonate, sulfur and charcoal.

Sensitizers - also known as "sensitizers." A substance used to increase the sensitivity of a mixed explosive.

Flame-damping agent - once called "resistance agent". The material can shorten the length and duration of the flame generated when the explosive is exploded, reduce the explosive temperature of the explosive, and can negatively catalyze the oxidation reaction of the combustible gas or coal dust. Explosion—In a very short period of time, a large amount of energy is released, generating high temperatures, and releasing a large amount of gas, causing high-pressure chemical reactions or state changes in the surrounding medium.

Detonation - once called "explosion", "knocking." The phenomenon of smashing waves in the explosives. The rate of advancement of the reaction zone to the unreacted material is greater than the speed of sound in the unreacted material.

Detonation waves - once called "explosive waves." Shock waves with rapid chemical reactions.

Shockwave - once called "shock wave", "shock wave", "shock wave". A pressure wave that causes the media state parameter to jump and propagate at supersonic speed.

Deflagration - The rapid combustion of explosives, in which the reaction zone advances to the unreacted material at a rate less than the speed of sound in the unreacted material.

Detonation rate—The speed at which a detonation wave propagates through an explosive.

Explosive pressure [force]—The pressure (pressure) generated by the hot gas generated during the explosion of explosives.

Detonation pressure [force] - referred to as "explosion pressure". In the hypothetical model, the pressure (pressure) of the detonation wave at the end of the chemical reaction zone during detonation of the explosive.

Explosives are used for their power – also known as “power”; once called “explosive power”. The total work done by the explosive product on the surrounding medium.

Sensitivity—The ease with which explosive materials can explode under the influence of external energy. According to different external effects, it can be divided into "thermal sensitivity", "flame sensitivity", "impact sensitivity", "friction sensitivity", "detonation sensitivity" (also known as "detonation sensitivity"), "shock wave sensitivity", "static spark Sensitivity, "static sensitivity" and "radio sensitivity".

Severe—The ability to smash and contact a medium when it explodes.

Oxygen balance—The degree of difference between the oxygen content of the explosive and the amount of oxygen required to completely oxidize the combustible elements contained in the explosive. When it is redundant, it is called “positive oxygen balance”. When it is insufficient, it is called “negative oxygen balance”. When it is equal, it is called “zero oxygen balance”.

Drug roll density—The quality of the explosive contained in the unit volume of the drug roll.

Critical Diameter—The minimum charge diameter at which a detonation can propagate stably at a given charge density.

Explosive-explosives (primary explosives) cause a detonation of another explosive (explosive) at a certain distance from the detonation.

The blasting distance - once called "detonation". The probability of a blast between the main explosive and the explosive is 7889.

安全 Explosion safety distance—The probability of a blast between the main explosive and the explosive is 7889.

The energy-concentration effect - once called "hole effect", "cone hole effect", "hollow charge effect". When an explosive charge having a hole at one end is detonated, the detonation product converges in the axial direction of the cavity and enhances the destructive action in this direction.

Gap effect - once called "pipeline effect", "trench effect". When the gap value between the diameter of the blasthole and the diameter of the medicine roll (package) is within a certain range, the phenomenon that the long column-shaped charge is interrupted is interrupted.

Initiating material—a component and a small device that is loaded with a certain amount of explosive and that can be activated by a predetermined external energy to complete the detonating function.

Detonator - A detonating material that is excited by the outside world and reliably causes subsequent detonation materials or explosives to detonate.

Fire detonator - once called "fire tube." A detonator that is excited by a flame.

Electric detonator - once called "electric tube." A detonator that is excited by electrical energy. The "instantaneous power detonator" is called "deferred electric detonator" after a certain period of time after the excitation. It is divided into "second delay electric detonator" and "millisecond deferred electric detonator" according to the delay interval. It has the antistatic performance. Antistatic electric detonator."

Coal mine allowable electric detonators - approved by the competent authority to allow electric detonators to be used in coal mines where there is a risk of gas and/or coal dust explosion.

Detonating tube detonator - a detonator that can be excited by a shock wave of a detonating tube.

Magnetoelectric Detonator - A detonator that is excited by electrical energy generated by electromagnetic induction.

Maximum non-ignition current—The maximum current that can be applied when the electric detonator reaches the specified probability of misfire.

Minimum ignition current - once called "minimum quasi-explosive current", "minimum quasi-explosive current". The minimum current required to reach the specified firing probability of the electric detonator.

The safe current of the electric detonator - once called "maximum safe current", "highest safe current". Under the maximum non-firing current of the electric detonator and the required design accuracy, a constant direct current that does not ignite the electric detonator within a specified time is ensured.

Foot line—Insulated wire that conducts current from an electric detonator.

The fuse - once called the "fire line." The black powder medicine is used as the core, and the coating layer and the moisture-proof layer (or the outer plastic tube) are coated, and the cord-like detonating material capable of continuously transmitting the flame at a uniform speed is obtained.

Detonating cord—using a explosive charge as a core, an outer covering layer and a moisture-proof layer (or an outer plastic tube), and a cord-like detonating material capable of transmitting a detonation wave.

Detonating tube - also known as "plastic detonating tube"; once called "Nonell tube". A plastic tube with a explosive charge and a detonation wave at a low speed is attached to the inner wall.

[Milliseconds] The squib tube - also known as "delayed blast tube." A millisecond deferred element used in conjunction with a detonating cord.

Electric Explosion Network—A network that delivers detonating electrical energy to groups of electric detonators. It usually consists of a detonation power supply, a blasting busbar, a connecting line and an electric detonator. Connection methods include series, parallel, hybrid, and the like.

Explosives - also known as "detonators"; once called "blasting devices." An appliance that supplies electric detonators on an electric blast network to detonate electrical energy.

Explosive ability - once called "shooting ability." The number of electric detonators that the detonator can detonate at one time.

The blasting busbar - once called "breaking the busbar." Connect (or connect through the cable) the electric detonator pin and the wire that detonates the power supply.

Blasthole - an eyelet that is externally chiseled in a blasting medium for blasting. In the open-air blasting, it is called "gun hole".

掏槽眼—在工作面上首先爆破以造成第二个自由面的一组炮眼。

周边眼—在井巷工作面为控制掘进断面周边而钻凿的炮眼。

辅助眼—曾称“扩槽眼”。在掏槽眼与周边眼之间钻凿的炮眼。

顶眼—在采掘工作面顶部钻凿的炮眼。

底眼—在采掘工作面底部钻凿的炮眼。

帮眼—在巷道掘进工作面两帮钻凿的炮眼。

直眼掏槽—曾称“平行空眼掏槽”。掏槽眼均垂直于掘进工作面，彼此间距较小，并有不装药空眼的掏槽方式。

斜眼掏槽—掏槽眼与采掘工作面斜交的掏槽方式。

混合掏槽—立井掘进工作面，掏槽眼呈6-7圈同心圆布置，内浅外深，由内向外顺序起爆的掏槽方式。

炮眼密集系数—曾称“临近系数”。炮眼间距与最小抵抗线的比值。

炮眼间距—简称“眼距”。同排或同圈炮眼中心之间的距离。

[炮眼]排距—炮眼排与排间的距离。炮眼圈与圈间的距离称为“[炮眼]间距”。

炮眼深度—由炮眼底至工作面的垂直距离。

超钻深度—又称“超深”、“超钻”。台阶爆破时，炮孔深度超过坡底线水平的距离。

炮眼长度—沿炮眼轴线由眼底至眼口的长度。

最小抵抗线—从装药重心到自由面的最短距离。

坡顶—台阶上外行炮孔中心至坡顶线的距离。

装药—装在炮眼或待爆硐室内，包括起爆药卷的炸药。

起爆—激发炸药使其爆炸的过程。

起爆药卷—曾称“炮头”、“引药”。用以起爆其它猛炸药或爆破剂，装有雷管或导爆索的药卷或药包。

集中装药—一般指长度与直径之比小于.1的装药

柱状装药—又称“圆柱装药”;曾称“长条装药”。一般指长度与直径之比大于.1的装药。

装药结构—炸药在炮眼中装填的状态。连续密接的称“连续装药(!*.0，(!〃#￥%&)”，分成数段的称“间隔装药”;装药直径基本等于炮眼直径的称“耦合装药”。

装药不耦合装药系数—炮眼直径与装药直径的比值。

装药长度系数—曾称“装药系数”。装药长度与炮眼长度的比值。

装药体积系数—曾称“装药密度系数”。装药体积与装药段炮眼体积的比值。

装药密度—装药段单位炮眼体积的装药量。

装药量—装入炮眼或待爆硐室内的炸药质量。

单位炸药消耗量—爆破单位体积岩石或煤消耗的炸药质量。

炮泥—堵塞炮眼的惰性材料。用塑料薄膜袋充水做成的炮泥称“水炮泥”。

爆破—用炸药破碎物体的作业。

爆破漏斗—装药在介质内爆破后于自由面处形成的漏斗形爆坑。

爆破漏斗半径—爆破漏斗锥底圆的半径。

爆破作用的指数—爆破漏斗半径与最小抵抗线的比值。

全断面一次爆破—井巷整个工作面上一个掘进循环的全部炮眼的装药一次起爆的爆破方法。

缓冲爆破—炮孔间距较小，采用不耦合装药或间隔装药，用以维护边坡稳定的控制爆破。

光面爆破—曾称“周边爆破”、“轮廓爆破”、“修边爆破”。爆破后岩体轮廓面成形规整，围岩稳定，无明显炮震裂缝的控制爆破。

预裂爆破—在爆破岩体的轮廓线上的炮眼采用不耦合装药并先于其它炮眼爆破，形成连通裂缝的控制爆破。

药壶爆破—在炮眼底部先少量装药爆破成壶状，再装药爆破的方法。

台阶爆破—曾称“梯段爆破”、“阶段爆破”。在露天采场台阶上进行爆破的方法。

裸露爆破—曾称“放糊炮”、“放明炮”、“放贴炮”。在岩体表面上直接贴敷炸药或再盖上泥土进行爆破的方法。

水封爆破—以水炮泥填塞炮眼用以降低粉尘的爆破方法。

延期爆破—曾称“迟发爆破”。以预定的时间间隔依次起爆各炮眼或各排、各圈炮眼的爆破方法。

毫秒爆破—曾称“微差爆破”。相邻炮眼或药包群之间的起爆时间间隔以毫秒计的延期爆破。

控制爆破—对爆破介质的破坏方向、范围、程度和爆破有害效应进行严格控制的爆破技术。

松动爆破—爆破时岩体只碎裂不飞散的爆破方法。

硐室爆破—将大量装药装入专用硐室或专用巷道内进行爆破的方法。

压碴爆破—曾称“留碴爆破”。在露天采场台阶坡面上留有上次的爆堆情况下进行爆破的方法。

定向抛掷爆破—能将大量岩土按预定方向抛掷到要求位置，并堆积成一定形状的爆破技术。

正向起爆—起爆药包位于柱状装药的里端，靠近或在炮眼底，雷管底部朝向炮眼口的起爆方法。

反向起爆—起爆药包位于柱状装药的里端，靠近或在炮眼底，雷管底部朝向炮眼口的起爆方法。

残眼—又称“残孔”，谷称“炮窝子”。爆破后残留的一段炮眼。

炮眼利用率—又称“炮眼利用系数”。工作面一次爆破的循环进度与炮眼平均深度的比值。

炮眼爆破率—单位炮眼长度所爆破的矿岩量。在露天爆破中通称“炮孔爆破率”。

自由面—曾称“临空面”。被爆介质与空气的接触面。

拒爆—俗称“瞎炮”、“哑炮”、“盲炮”。起爆后，爆炸材料未发生爆炸的现象。

熄爆—又称“不完全爆炸”;曾称“半爆”。爆轰波不能沿炸药继续传播而中止的现象。

早爆—爆炸材料比预定起爆时间提前爆炸的现象。

迟爆—爆炸材料比预定起爆时间滞后爆炸的现象。

欠挖—爆破后，井巷断面周界小于设计尺寸的现象。

超挖—爆破后，井巷断面周界大于设计尺寸的现象。

底盘抵抗线—台阶上，外排炮孔轴线至坡底线的水平距离。

爆堆—爆破后形成的岩石松散堆积体。

根底—爆破后，台阶底部残留的未炸掉的岩体。

伞檐—爆破后，台阶顶部残留的未炸掉的岩体。后冲—曾称“后冲作用”。爆破后，台阶后壁上部岩体新形成的裂缝现象。

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