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Gear transmission is a major form of transmission of machine power and motion. The gear industry is the most technologically intensive and capital-intensive industry in the machinery industry. China's gear industry mainly includes three parts: vehicle gear transmission manufacturing, industrial gear transmission manufacturing and gear equipment manufacturing.
In 2009, the manufacture of gears, transmissions and drive components in China underwent the adverse effects of the international financial crisis. The industry continued to maintain stable growth. Although the growth rate has fallen sharply from the previous year, it has been affected by the financial crisis in developed countries such as the United States and Japan. Under the circumstances that led to the reduction of industrial sales, the steady growth of China's manufacturing of gears, transmissions, and drive components is still attracting worldwide attention. China has become a global leader in the production of gears and other transmission equipment.
Gears, transmissions and drive components are among the most basic components in mechanical equipment. There are a large number of companies producing gear components in various countries. In foreign countries, the production of drive-driven components is based on specialization. The general enterprise scale is medium and small, and the number of people is from tens to hundreds; there are also many companies that are global and have their production and sales in all countries of the world. Service outlets; some other drive-drive parts companies are part of the larger group companies. China now ranks among the world's largest producers of transmission-driven components, but it mainly focuses on mid- to low-end products. At present, several countries or regions with the largest global market share of transmission drive components are Germany, North America, Japan, South Korea, and some European countries such as Italy and France, as well as China.
The rapid development of China's national economy and the adjustment of the industrial structure of foreign developed countries have brought opportunities for growth in China's gear, transmission, and drive components industries. The ever-increasing domestic and foreign market demand has driven the rapid development of the entire industry and has enabled the industry to increase its production capacity rapidly. The total production volume has increased substantially.
The application of gear molds can be roughly divided into three areas: plastic gear molds, powder metallurgy gear molds, and precision forging bevel gear molds. Among them, the demand for plastic gear molds is relatively large. There are two main uses of gears: one is the transmission movement and the other is the transmission of power. At present, domestic plastic gears are mainly used to transmit motion, and the United States is now increasingly adopting plastic gears in the choice of transmission power. This is because plastic gears have many advantages, such as low transmission noise, vibration absorption, self-lubrication, and so on. Moreover, plastic gears can be opened and processed with high production efficiency. It should be said that there will be more and more applications of plastic gears in the gear industry. This is a worldwide trend.
At present, the middle and low gear molds can be produced in China, and high-grade gear molds rely on imports. There are not many factories in China that specialize in gear molds. Most of them use gear factories to make their own gear molds. Gear factories often set up a construction section or a workshop to take on this task. For precision forging bevel gears, bevel gear molds manufactured by companies such as Zhuzhou Gear, Jiangsu Spacecraft, and Pacific Precision Forging are relatively good in the gear mold industry, and the quality of their precision forging bevel gears is also high. In terms of plastic gears, in general, plastic gears and their molds are mainly distributed in two regions. One is Ningbo, Zhejiang, where there are more than 340 plastic gear factories and is also China's largest plastic gear mold production base; the other is Shenzhen Baoan. , Hong Kong-owned enterprises, high product accuracy, mainly for export.
Looking at the status quo of our country's gear molds can be described as mixed. Hi there is a certain basis for the production of gear molds, and the general trend in the development of plastic gears will bring greater market space for gear molds; the worry is that the level of domestic production gear molds is still at a distance from the world’s advanced level, and In the gear industry, especially the development trend of the plastic gear industry, the response to market changes in the domestic market is not keen, and it is difficult for supporting research to keep up with market demand.
Internationally, gear devices are developing along the direction of miniaturization, high speed, and standardization. The application of special gears, the development of planetary gear devices, and the development of low-vibration, low-noise gear devices are some of the characteristics of gear design. In order to achieve the miniaturization of the gear device, the thrust load of the existing involute gear can be increased. Hard tooth surface technology is widely used in various countries to increase the hardness to reduce the size of the device; special tooth shapes represented by arc gears can also be applied. After the British-French cooperation developed shipboard helicopter main drive system using circular arc gear, the height of the reducer is greatly reduced. With the trend of ship power being replaced by medium-speed diesel engines, the use of high-power planetary gear devices on large ships has been effective; now in large-scale transmissions such as metallurgy, mining and cement mills, planetary gears have small size and good coaxiality. The advantages of high efficiency and application are increasing.
Gear manufacturing process:
The development of the gear manufacturing process is largely reflected in the improvement of accuracy level and production efficiency. Since the 1970s, the manufacturing precision of all kinds of gears has generally risen by about one grade, and some have even graded 2 to 3. General low-speed gear precision from the past 8-9 to 7-8. The gear of the machine tool is increased from 6 to 8 to 4 to 6. The mill gear is increased from 7 to 8 to 5 to 6. For small and medium-sized gears with small modulus, due to the development of high-performance gear hobbing machines and improved tool materials, hobbing efficiency has improved significantly. With a multi-head hob, the achievable cutting speed is 90 m/s. Such as the use of ultra-hard hobs processing module 3 or more quenched and tempered steel gear, cutting over 200m / s, increasing the efficiency of the pinion, the reciprocating motion mechanism of the gearing machine is limited. The recent development in the use of tool unloading, the use of hydrostatic bearings, enhanced tool post and column rigidity and other new structures, the efficiency has improved significantly. The new gear shaping machine can reach 2,000 strokes per minute. The development trend of gear steel; First, low alloy steel containing Cr, Ni, Mo; Second, boron steel; Third, carbonitriding steel; Fourth, free cutting steel. Due to the lack of Ni and Cr in our country, 20CrMnTi carburizing steel or rare earth steel containing boron is commonly used. Heavy-duty machinery commonly used 18CrMnNiMo carburizing steel or medium carbon alloy steel. In the machine tool industry, 40Cr, 38CrMoAl and other steels and 25Cr2MoV steel for high speed gears are used for nitriding.
Informatization trends:
People can use computers to calculate, analyze, and compare all possible design options. Through optimization, they can achieve better results. For example, in the analysis of the tooth surface contact area, seeking the meshing line and the relative velocity angle, programs have been developed for the calculation of the elastic flow lubrication and the calculation of the geometric parameters. Also, there are procedures for calculation of gear shape calculations and gear load capacity calculations. China has compiled the program software for calculating the load capacity of GB3480-83 involute cylindrical gears. For production applications. In terms of gear processing, a computer can be used to control the entire cutting process. Make the manufacturing quality stable and reliable. At present, domestic research and application of computer to the spiral bevel gear tooth adjustment card to calculate, can adjust the processing deviation in time, so that the tooth surface contact to achieve a more ideal position, and greatly improve the work efficiency. In addition, according to the principle of numerical control, the parabolic modification of the spiral flank of the annulus worm is performed by a microcomputer, and it has been used in production. Although this work is still in its infancy in China, it is of great significance to improving the quality and technical level of gear manufacturing.
Luo Baihui, an expert in the mold industry, believes that an effective approach to the development of gear mold standards should consider cooperation between industry associations. Industry associations should establish and unify standards. In addition to Dalian University of Technology, South China University and several other universities in the study of gear molds, there is no special institute to do this work. Focusing on the strength of the gear industry and some university research institutes, doing research and cooperation in the integration of processes and equipment, and the inherent deformation laws of plastics, is an urgent need for related associations and departments. The establishment of the “Small Modular Gear Work Committee†is to focus on exploring and solving problems in the production of small module gears. Nowadays, the world’s most advanced and complete standard for gears and molds is the United States. China’s gear molds should draw on American standards and gradually establish their own industrial standards and national standards in accordance with the needs of development. Specifically speaking, it is necessary to upgrade some of the well-established companies' factory standards and, in combination with foreign advanced standards, become China's industry standards. This standardization of the market through standards will be able to better promote the development of the industry.
From the perspective of the entire industry, the sound of gear molds is very small and it is in a spontaneous state, and the establishment of relevant professional associations is precisely to change this situation. However, the establishment of the association is only the first step. Next, Luo Baihui, the expert in the mold industry, believes that an effective approach to the development of gear mold standards should consider cooperation between industry associations. Industry associations should establish and unify standards. In addition to Dalian University of Technology, South China University and several other universities in the study of gear molds, there is no special institute to do this work. Focusing on the strength of the gear industry and some university research institutes, doing research and cooperation in the integration of processes and equipment, and the inherent deformation laws of plastics, is an urgent need for related associations and departments. The establishment of the “Small Modular Gear Work Committee†is to focus on exploring and solving problems in the production of small module gears. Nowadays, the world’s most advanced and complete standard for gears and molds is the United States. China’s gear molds should draw on American standards and gradually establish their own industrial standards and national standards in accordance with the needs of development. Specifically speaking, it is necessary to upgrade some of the well-established companies' factory standards and, in combination with foreign advanced standards, become China's industry standards. This standardization of the market through standards will be able to better promote the development of the industry.
Looking at the status quo of our country's gear molds can be described as mixed. Hi there is a certain basis for the production of gear molds, and the general trend in the development of plastic gears will bring greater market space for gear molds; the worry is that the level of domestic production gear molds is still at a distance from the world’s advanced level, and In the gear industry, especially the development trend of the plastic gear industry, the response to market changes in the domestic market is not keen, and it is difficult for supporting research to keep up with market demand.
In 2009, the manufacture of gears, transmissions and drive components in China underwent the adverse effects of the international financial crisis. The industry continued to maintain stable growth. Although the growth rate has fallen sharply from the previous year, it has been affected by the financial crisis in developed countries such as the United States and Japan. Under the circumstances that led to the reduction of industrial sales, the steady growth of China's manufacturing of gears, transmissions, and drive components is still attracting worldwide attention. China has become a global leader in the production of gears and other transmission equipment.
Gears, transmissions and drive components are among the most basic components in mechanical equipment. There are a large number of companies producing gear components in various countries. In foreign countries, the production of drive-driven components is based on specialization. The general enterprise scale is medium and small, and the number of people is from tens to hundreds; there are also many companies that are global and have their production and sales in all countries of the world. Service outlets; some other drive-drive parts companies are part of the larger group companies. China now ranks among the world's largest producers of transmission-driven components, but it mainly focuses on mid- to low-end products. At present, several countries or regions with the largest global market share of transmission drive components are Germany, North America, Japan, South Korea, and some European countries such as Italy and France, as well as China.
The rapid development of China's national economy and the adjustment of the industrial structure of foreign developed countries have brought opportunities for growth in China's gear, transmission, and drive components industries. The ever-increasing domestic and foreign market demand has driven the rapid development of the entire industry and has enabled the industry to increase its production capacity rapidly. The total production volume has increased substantially.
The application of gear molds can be roughly divided into three areas: plastic gear molds, powder metallurgy gear molds, and precision forging bevel gear molds. Among them, the demand for plastic gear molds is relatively large. There are two main uses of gears: one is the transmission movement and the other is the transmission of power. At present, domestic plastic gears are mainly used to transmit motion, and the United States is now increasingly adopting plastic gears in the choice of transmission power. This is because plastic gears have many advantages, such as low transmission noise, vibration absorption, self-lubrication, and so on. Moreover, plastic gears can be opened and processed with high production efficiency. It should be said that there will be more and more applications of plastic gears in the gear industry. This is a worldwide trend.
At present, the middle and low gear molds can be produced in China, and high-grade gear molds rely on imports. There are not many factories in China that specialize in gear molds. Most of them use gear factories to make their own gear molds. Gear factories often set up a construction section or a workshop to take on this task. For precision forging bevel gears, bevel gear molds manufactured by companies such as Zhuzhou Gear, Jiangsu Spacecraft, and Pacific Precision Forging are relatively good in the gear mold industry, and the quality of their precision forging bevel gears is also high. In terms of plastic gears, in general, plastic gears and their molds are mainly distributed in two regions. One is Ningbo, Zhejiang, where there are more than 340 plastic gear factories and is also China's largest plastic gear mold production base; the other is Shenzhen Baoan. , Hong Kong-owned enterprises, high product accuracy, mainly for export.
Looking at the status quo of our country's gear molds can be described as mixed. Hi there is a certain basis for the production of gear molds, and the general trend in the development of plastic gears will bring greater market space for gear molds; the worry is that the level of domestic production gear molds is still at a distance from the world’s advanced level, and In the gear industry, especially the development trend of the plastic gear industry, the response to market changes in the domestic market is not keen, and it is difficult for supporting research to keep up with market demand.
Internationally, gear devices are developing along the direction of miniaturization, high speed, and standardization. The application of special gears, the development of planetary gear devices, and the development of low-vibration, low-noise gear devices are some of the characteristics of gear design. In order to achieve the miniaturization of the gear device, the thrust load of the existing involute gear can be increased. Hard tooth surface technology is widely used in various countries to increase the hardness to reduce the size of the device; special tooth shapes represented by arc gears can also be applied. After the British-French cooperation developed shipboard helicopter main drive system using circular arc gear, the height of the reducer is greatly reduced. With the trend of ship power being replaced by medium-speed diesel engines, the use of high-power planetary gear devices on large ships has been effective; now in large-scale transmissions such as metallurgy, mining and cement mills, planetary gears have small size and good coaxiality. The advantages of high efficiency and application are increasing.
Gear manufacturing process:
The development of the gear manufacturing process is largely reflected in the improvement of accuracy level and production efficiency. Since the 1970s, the manufacturing precision of all kinds of gears has generally risen by about one grade, and some have even graded 2 to 3. General low-speed gear precision from the past 8-9 to 7-8. The gear of the machine tool is increased from 6 to 8 to 4 to 6. The mill gear is increased from 7 to 8 to 5 to 6. For small and medium-sized gears with small modulus, due to the development of high-performance gear hobbing machines and improved tool materials, hobbing efficiency has improved significantly. With a multi-head hob, the achievable cutting speed is 90 m/s. Such as the use of ultra-hard hobs processing module 3 or more quenched and tempered steel gear, cutting over 200m / s, increasing the efficiency of the pinion, the reciprocating motion mechanism of the gearing machine is limited. The recent development in the use of tool unloading, the use of hydrostatic bearings, enhanced tool post and column rigidity and other new structures, the efficiency has improved significantly. The new gear shaping machine can reach 2,000 strokes per minute. The development trend of gear steel; First, low alloy steel containing Cr, Ni, Mo; Second, boron steel; Third, carbonitriding steel; Fourth, free cutting steel. Due to the lack of Ni and Cr in our country, 20CrMnTi carburizing steel or rare earth steel containing boron is commonly used. Heavy-duty machinery commonly used 18CrMnNiMo carburizing steel or medium carbon alloy steel. In the machine tool industry, 40Cr, 38CrMoAl and other steels and 25Cr2MoV steel for high speed gears are used for nitriding.
Informatization trends:
People can use computers to calculate, analyze, and compare all possible design options. Through optimization, they can achieve better results. For example, in the analysis of the tooth surface contact area, seeking the meshing line and the relative velocity angle, programs have been developed for the calculation of the elastic flow lubrication and the calculation of the geometric parameters. Also, there are procedures for calculation of gear shape calculations and gear load capacity calculations. China has compiled the program software for calculating the load capacity of GB3480-83 involute cylindrical gears. For production applications. In terms of gear processing, a computer can be used to control the entire cutting process. Make the manufacturing quality stable and reliable. At present, domestic research and application of computer to the spiral bevel gear tooth adjustment card to calculate, can adjust the processing deviation in time, so that the tooth surface contact to achieve a more ideal position, and greatly improve the work efficiency. In addition, according to the principle of numerical control, the parabolic modification of the spiral flank of the annulus worm is performed by a microcomputer, and it has been used in production. Although this work is still in its infancy in China, it is of great significance to improving the quality and technical level of gear manufacturing.
Luo Baihui, an expert in the mold industry, believes that an effective approach to the development of gear mold standards should consider cooperation between industry associations. Industry associations should establish and unify standards. In addition to Dalian University of Technology, South China University and several other universities in the study of gear molds, there is no special institute to do this work. Focusing on the strength of the gear industry and some university research institutes, doing research and cooperation in the integration of processes and equipment, and the inherent deformation laws of plastics, is an urgent need for related associations and departments. The establishment of the “Small Modular Gear Work Committee†is to focus on exploring and solving problems in the production of small module gears. Nowadays, the world’s most advanced and complete standard for gears and molds is the United States. China’s gear molds should draw on American standards and gradually establish their own industrial standards and national standards in accordance with the needs of development. Specifically speaking, it is necessary to upgrade some of the well-established companies' factory standards and, in combination with foreign advanced standards, become China's industry standards. This standardization of the market through standards will be able to better promote the development of the industry.
From the perspective of the entire industry, the sound of gear molds is very small and it is in a spontaneous state, and the establishment of relevant professional associations is precisely to change this situation. However, the establishment of the association is only the first step. Next, Luo Baihui, the expert in the mold industry, believes that an effective approach to the development of gear mold standards should consider cooperation between industry associations. Industry associations should establish and unify standards. In addition to Dalian University of Technology, South China University and several other universities in the study of gear molds, there is no special institute to do this work. Focusing on the strength of the gear industry and some university research institutes, doing research and cooperation in the integration of processes and equipment, and the inherent deformation laws of plastics, is an urgent need for related associations and departments. The establishment of the “Small Modular Gear Work Committee†is to focus on exploring and solving problems in the production of small module gears. Nowadays, the world’s most advanced and complete standard for gears and molds is the United States. China’s gear molds should draw on American standards and gradually establish their own industrial standards and national standards in accordance with the needs of development. Specifically speaking, it is necessary to upgrade some of the well-established companies' factory standards and, in combination with foreign advanced standards, become China's industry standards. This standardization of the market through standards will be able to better promote the development of the industry.
Looking at the status quo of our country's gear molds can be described as mixed. Hi there is a certain basis for the production of gear molds, and the general trend in the development of plastic gears will bring greater market space for gear molds; the worry is that the level of domestic production gear molds is still at a distance from the world’s advanced level, and In the gear industry, especially the development trend of the plastic gear industry, the response to market changes in the domestic market is not keen, and it is difficult for supporting research to keep up with market demand.
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